Astra For Me THE SKY, THIS MONTH
HOUSES  ·  TWO SYSTEMS

Four planets in a different house

Two astrologers can read the same chart, agree on every planet's position to the arcsecond, and still disagree about where 4 of the 10 planets are. We computed it. And the system most software uses cannot answer at all for anyone born north of 66.56 degrees.

MEASURED

Anything in a violet panel we computed from DE421 ephemeris data. You can check it.

INTERPRETED

Anything on a gold rule was said by people, at a particular time. We say who, and when.

What a house system actually does

THE PART NOBODY EXPLAINS

The signs divide the zodiac. The houses divide the sky as it stood over one place at one moment, which is a different problem and a harder one.

Everything starts from two points, and both are astronomy rather than convention. The Ascendant is the degree of the ecliptic rising on the eastern horizon at that instant, and the Midheaven is the degree crossing the meridian overhead. Neither is disputed. Every system in use agrees about them.

The disagreement is about what to do next: how to get from those two points to twelve divisions. That is where the systems part company, and it is a choice, not a discovery.

THE WORKED CHART
Moment15 March 1997, 10:30 UTC
PlaceAthens
AscendantCancer 12°26′

A moment and a place, not a person. What the article shows is the shape of the disagreement, not whose chart it is.

The two answers

THIRTY DEGREES EACH, OR NOT

Whole Sign takes the sign the Ascendant falls in and makes that the whole of the first house. Every house is then one sign: exactly thirty degrees, twelve times, no arithmetic beyond finding the Ascendant.

Placidus divides time rather than space. It takes the arc a degree travels between rising and culminating and cuts it into thirds, which produces houses of unequal size that depend on the latitude.

HOUSE SIZES IN THIS CHART
Whole Sign, every house30,00°
Placidus, smallest house20.31°
Placidus, largest house38.77°

Neither is wrong. They are answers to two different questions, and a chart drawn under one is not a chart drawn under the other with a rounding error.

Where the planets land

THE SAME SKY, TWICE

Here is the same chart read both ways. Every position is identical, because the positions are not what is at issue.

ONE CHART, TWO HOUSE SYSTEMS
PlanetPositionWhole SignPlacidus
SunPisces 24°53′910
MoonGemini 18°17′1212
MercuryPisces 28°32′910
VenusPisces 20°18′99
MarsVirgo 27°31′34
JupiterAquarius 11°51′88
SaturnAries 8°19′1010
UranusAquarius 7°18′88
NeptuneCapricorn 29°21′77
PlutoSagittarius 5°35′65

4 of the 10 land in a different house. Not a different degree, a different house, which in practice means a different area of life.

This is worth sitting with, because it is the thing that makes house systems more than a technicality. If a reading tells you something about your career and the planet it rests on is in your career house under one system and your reputation house under another, then the reading was never about the sky alone.

Every system agrees about where the planets are. They disagree about where the walls go.

And then there is the far north

WHERE ONE SYSTEM RUNS OUT

Placidus divides the arc a degree travels between rising and culminating. Above the polar circle, part of the ecliptic never rises or sets at all, so that arc does not exist, and there is nothing to divide.

This is not a subtle degradation. Asked for Placidus houses north of that line, the independent library we check our work against returns an error rather than a number.

WALKING NORTH
CityLatitudeLargest house
Athens37.98°38.77°
London51.51°47.64°
Reykjavik64.15°76.52°
Rovaniemi66.50°62.51°
Tromso69.65°-
Longyearbyen78.22°-

Note Reykjavik, still inside the limit and already carrying a house of more than seventy degrees, two and a half times the size of a Whole Sign house. Then it stops. We found the edge by bisection rather than quoting it: 66.56 degrees, which is the polar circle.

So we counted how general the problem is, rather than trusting anyone's summary of it.

EVERY HOUSE SYSTEM THE LIBRARY SUPPORTS
Systems available24
Still answer at Tromso21
Give no answer3
Which onesGauquelin, Koch, Placidus

Three of 24, and the most widely used system in the English-speaking world is one of them. Whole Sign is not: it needs only the Ascendant, which exists at every latitude short of the pole itself.

Which we use, and why we are saying so

OUR OWN CHOICE, DECLARED

This app computes Whole Sign houses and no others. That is a position, not a neutral fact, and an article comparing two systems written by people who implement one of them should say so on the page rather than leave you to find out.

The reasons are the ones above. It is the oldest system, it is defined everywhere on Earth, and its houses do not change size depending on how far north you were born. The cost is real: it puts the Midheaven somewhere other than the tenth house cusp, which practitioners trained on Placidus find genuinely awkward.

What we will not do is show you a chart without telling you which set of walls it was drawn with.

Where the two systems came from

THE INTERPRETATION, AND ITS HISTORY

From here down we are not measuring. We are telling a story, with names and dates, and with one caveat we will come back to at the end.

THE HELLENISTIC WORLD, 1ST TO 2ND CENTURY BC

Whole Sign is thought to be the oldest system of house division, appearing in the Hellenistic tradition somewhere around the first or second century before Christ. For a very long stretch it was simply what houses meant.

Then it disappeared from the West so thoroughly that by the twentieth century western astrologers did not know it had existed. Its return is recent and traceable: Project Hindsight, founded in 1993 by Robert Schmidt, Robert Hand, Robert Zoller and Ellen Black, set out to translate the surviving Hellenistic texts, and what those translations showed was that the ancient astrologers had all been using whole signs. Hand began popularising the technique from the mid-1990s.

ITALY, 1603 TO 1668

Placidus de Titis was an Olivetan monk and a professor of mathematics, physics and astronomy. The tables associated with him, Tabulae primi mobilis, appeared in 1657.

He did not invent the method that carries his name, and said so. The attribution runs back further, though the sources disagree about how far: one line credits the twelfth-century writer Abraham Ibn Ezra with identifying it as the system Ptolemy used, another places its first appearance in thirteenth-century Arabic literature, and a printed version exists from 1602, before Placidus published anything. What is agreed is that the name is younger than the method.

WHY PLACIDUS WON, WITH A CAVEAT

The story usually told is that Placidus became the standard because its tables were the ones a working astrologer could afford. R. C. Smith, publishing as Raphael, put Placidus tables into a popular almanac in 1821, and generations then computed houses the way the book in front of them made easy.

That story is documented and it is also disputed. Placidus had already gained ground through the seventeenth century, well before the cheap tables existed, so the honest version is that the almanacs reinforced a dominance rather than creating it. We would rather give you the argument than the slogan.

One thing about all of that deserves saying plainly, because it is easy to hide behind confident prose. The astronomy in this article is measured and you can check every figure. The history is not of the same grade: the best available sources for it are encyclopaedic and practitioner ones, and there is very little peer-reviewed history of science to lean on. We have said who claims what, and where they disagree, precisely so you can weigh it yourself.

How these numbers were arrived at

METHOD, AND ITS CHECK

The positions come from NASA's DE421 ephemeris data, by the same machinery that computes your birth chart inside the app. The Whole Sign houses are ours. The Placidus houses, and every other system counted above, come from Swiss Ephemeris, an entirely independent implementation, which is the point: this is our arithmetic against somebody else's, not against itself.

A comparison of houses is only worth anything if the two sides agree about where the horizon is to begin with, so that is checked first.

OUR ANGLES AGAINST SWISS EPHEMERIS
Ascendant5.33 arcseconds apart
Midheaven0.50 arcseconds apart

Arcseconds, on a quantity that moves a degree every four minutes. The two systems are being compared from the same starting point, which is what makes the disagreement about houses a real disagreement rather than an artefact.

Sources

SO YOU CAN CHECK THEM YOURSELF
YOUR OWN SKY

Your chart, with its houses named and its method stated. Computed free.

Compute your chart